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HBK 5/21/25 started initial draft

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Created By: Hillary.King@mass.gov
Created On: 5/21/2025 3:27:08 PM
Status: Published, on 5/29/2025
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Associated Factors
Current Factors
Community Systems
Food & Water
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Climate Hazards
Inland Flooding
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Available Factors
Community Systems
Housing
+
Ecosystems
+
Infrastructure
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Health
+
Land Use
+
Economy
+
Climate Hazards
Heat
+
Drought
+
Storms
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Coastal Flooding
+

Food & Water × Inland Flooding

Inland flooding happens when high levels of precipitation overwhelm natural river and/or stormwater drainage systems (ResilientMass Plan, 2023, p. 5.1-44). As climate change intensifies, projections show a higher volume of precipitation, but over fewer days, indicating an increase in extreme rainfall events that lead to destructive flash flooding, potentially even double the frequency of the current climate (MCCA, 2022, Volume II, p. 23).

Recent flood events have caused crop loss to Massachusetts agricultural land located within floodplains, which have had significant economic consequences for growers in addition to reducing food supply (MDAR, 2023, p. 4). Even if a given flooding event does not impact agriculture itself, it could impact food distribution channels (MCCA, 2022, Volume II, p. 63). Increased runoff or dam failure during flood events also has the potential to cause a reduction in the clean water supply, affecting the availability of drinking water (ResilientMass Plan, 2023, 5.1-45).

Strengthening local food economies (such as with community gardens or community supported agriculture) can build resilience to disruptions in supply chains elsewhere and create more stability in food access. Additionally, increasing soil organic matter (e.g. use of cover crops, compost) can increase filtration and decrease soil erosion which can help mitigate the impacts of flooding and crop loss during a flood event.

This guide will allow you to explore the impacts of inland flooding on both food and water supply and identify existing resources to support communities when flooding occurs.

Inland flooding happens when high levels of precipitation overwhelm natural river and/or stormwater drainage systems (ResilientMass Plan, 2023, p. 5.1-44). As climate change intensifies, projections show a higher volume of precipitation, but over fewer days, indicating an increase in extreme rainfall events that lead to destructive flash flooding, potentially even double the frequency of the current climate (MCCA, 2022, Volume II, p. 23).

Recent flood events have caused crop loss to Massachusetts agricultural land located within floodplains, which have had significant economic consequences for growers in addition to reducing food supply (MDAR, 2023, p. 4). Even if a given flooding event does not impact agriculture itself, it could impact food distribution channels (MCCA, 2022, Volume II, p. 63). Increased runoff or dam failure during flood events also has the potential to cause a reduction in the clean water supply, affecting the availability of drinking water (ResilientMass Plan, 2023, 5.1-45).

Strengthening local food economies (such as with community gardens or community supported agriculture) can build resilience to disruptions in supply chains elsewhere and create more stability in food access. Additionally, increasing soil organic matter (e.g. use of cover crops, compost) can increase filtration and decrease soil erosion which can help mitigate the impacts of flooding and crop loss during a flood event.

This guide will allow you to explore the impacts of inland flooding on both food and water supply and identify existing resources to support communities when flooding occurs.

Questions to Answer

The questions and guided explorations below are designed to assist you with thinking about how storms may impact food and water access and quality within your community. Use the Food & Water x Inland Flooding worksheet to assist you when answering these questions.

The questions and guided explorations below are designed to assist you with thinking about how storms may impact food and water access and quality within your community. Use the Food & Water x Inland Flooding worksheet to assist you when answering these questions.

1
How does inland flooding impact the availability of clean water supply?

We all rely on clean water every day - for drinking, cooking, bathing, and more. When an inland area floods due to extreme precipitation or major storms, both private and public water resources can be inundated with floodwaters and negatively affected. Resources located downstream and/or in low elevation areas are especially at risk. (MA DPH, 2025)

Inundation of public water treatment plants can impact the plant’s ability to process and distribute clean drinking water. Municipalities with Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) may send untreated stormwater and sewage into waterways during a heavy rain event. Inland flooding can also cause backup of or damage to private sewage systems leading to costly repairs and extensive professional cleaning (US EPA, 2005). 

If private wells are inundated during inland flooding, the water they provide can be contaminated by pollutants and require disinfection and sampling to ensure renewed water quality and safety (MassDEP, 2025).

Guided Exploration:
This guided exploration will allow you to investigate how your community’s access to clean water may be impacted by inland flooding. Use these maps to discuss how inland flooding could affect your community’s water infrastructure, treatment, and distribution. Open the GEAR Food+ Water Map and enter you location to explore the following:

  • Where are your community's water treatment facilities located? (Expand the Water Layers group and turn on the Public Water Supply and MWRA Towns layers, though you may need to source this information from your Department of Public Works). 
    • What are some characteristics of the water treatment areas?
  • Are resources identified within an inland flood zone? (Expand the Climate Hazard Data group and turn on the Historic Flood Hazard Datasets layer. 
  • Who is most at risk? Certain groups of people are more vulnerable to the hazards of contaminated water. (Expand the EJ and Other Priority Populations group and turn on the various layers to see who lives in your community). The mapped information includes population 65+ years, rental housing units, limited English proficiency, population living with a disability, and demographics by race which can help to identify communities with a high percentage of people of color who may be more at risk due to systemic racism. 
    • Additional groups who may be at risk due to contaminated water include children under 5, pregnant people, people with compromised immune systems, people living alone or with limited mobility, people who need electricity to use medical equipment or refrigerate medications, and utility and rescue worker

Consider and discuss the following: 

  • Do you know what percentage of your community relies on private wells? 
    • What does your community do when they don't have access to water? Do some community members store water? 
    • Do community members who rely on well water have access to resources regarding safe disinfection procedures? Is your local Board of Health prepared to assist with questions related to well water safety? Information on this topic from the MassDEP Drinking Water Program can be found here. 
  • Do you know what percentage of your community relies on private sewage or septic systems? 
    • Are these systems regularly maintained?
  • Can you recall the last time there was a local drinking water access issue due to flooding? 
    • How did community members access water when treatment plants were impacted? 
    • Who tends to be most affected by disrupted water service? 
    • What about the last few major flooding events? Did community members rush to stores to stock up on bottled water? Did stores run out? 
    • Where do community members who might need assistance purchasing bottled water and other storms supplies go before these events? (For example, shelters and food pantries). 

Read More About Related Impacts in the Massachusetts Climate Change Assessment:

We all rely on clean water every day - for drinking, cooking, bathing, and more. When an inland area floods due to extreme precipitation or major storms, both private and public water resources can be inundated with floodwaters and negatively affected. Resources located downstream and/or in low elevation areas are especially at risk. (MA DPH, 2025)

Inundation of public water treatment plants can impact the plant’s ability to process and distribute clean drinking water. Municipalities with Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) may send untreated stormwater and sewage into waterways during a heavy rain event. Inland flooding can also cause backup of or damage to private sewage systems leading to costly repairs and extensive professional cleaning (US EPA, 2005). 

If private wells are inundated during inland flooding, the water they provide can be contaminated by pollutants and require disinfection and sampling to ensure renewed water quality and safety (MassDEP, 2025).

Guided Exploration:
This guided exploration will allow you to investigate how your community’s access to clean water may be impacted by inland flooding. Use these maps to discuss how inland flooding could affect your community’s water infrastructure, treatment, and distribution. Open the GEAR Food+ Water Map and enter you location to explore the following:

  • Where are your community's water treatment facilities located? (Expand the Water Layers group and turn on the Public Water Supply and MWRA Towns layers, though you may need to source this information from your Department of Public Works). 
    • What are some characteristics of the water treatment areas?
  • Are resources identified within an inland flood zone? (Expand the Climate Hazard Data group and turn on the Historic Flood Hazard Datasets layer. 
  • Who is most at risk? Certain groups of people are more vulnerable to the hazards of contaminated water. (Expand the EJ and Other Priority Populations group and turn on the various layers to see who lives in your community). The mapped information includes population 65+ years, rental housing units, limited English proficiency, population living with a disability, and demographics by race which can help to identify communities with a high percentage of people of color who may be more at risk due to systemic racism. 
    • Additional groups who may be at risk due to contaminated water include children under 5, pregnant people, people with compromised immune systems, people living alone or with limited mobility, people who need electricity to use medical equipment or refrigerate medications, and utility and rescue worker

Consider and discuss the following: 

  • Do you know what percentage of your community relies on private wells? 
    • What does your community do when they don't have access to water? Do some community members store water? 
    • Do community members who rely on well water have access to resources regarding safe disinfection procedures? Is your local Board of Health prepared to assist with questions related to well water safety? Information on this topic from the MassDEP Drinking Water Program can be found here. 
  • Do you know what percentage of your community relies on private sewage or septic systems? 
    • Are these systems regularly maintained?
  • Can you recall the last time there was a local drinking water access issue due to flooding? 
    • How did community members access water when treatment plants were impacted? 
    • Who tends to be most affected by disrupted water service? 
    • What about the last few major flooding events? Did community members rush to stores to stock up on bottled water? Did stores run out? 
    • Where do community members who might need assistance purchasing bottled water and other storms supplies go before these events? (For example, shelters and food pantries). 

Read More About Related Impacts in the Massachusetts Climate Change Assessment:

2
What is the impact of inland flooding on food sources and food access? Who will be most likely to experience additional food insecurity due to inland flooding?

In July 2023, heavy rainfall led to widespread flooding across Massachusetts, resulting in the destruction or severe damage of approximately 13,000 acres of crops. Farmers reported over $65 million in losses, with the most affected areas being western and central regions of the state (Mass.gov, 2024 Jun 11). When floodwaters submerge fields they may also contaminate crops with pollutants, rendering them unsafe for consumption (MDAR Handling Flooded Produce, 2023). Flooding may also cause long-term damage to soil quality by eroding fertile topsoil, making it harder for farmers to sustain crop production (MCCA, 2022, Volume II). These impacts lead to shortages of fresh produce, increased food prices, and financial hardships for farming families. 

Flooded roads and bridges not only disrupt daily commutes but also make it difficult to deliver food to areas in need. This can create delays in getting food to local stores and food banks. Additional damage to homes and businesses from flooding worsen the overall economic strain, making it harder for people to access necessary goods and resources. If people are forced to evacuate and seek shelter in temporary locations, displaced individuals often lack access to regular meals, leading to increased reliance on emergency food assistance (Feed America, 2024 Oct 11). 

Overall, the larger and more frequent flood events we are experiencing pose significant challenges to agriculture, food security, and local food supply chains in Massachusetts.

Guided Exploration:
In this guided exploration, you will use the GEAR Food+ Water Map to think about how your community can support local agriculture and farmers, and understand where community members can access affordable, nutritious, and culturally appropriate food. You’ll consider how inland flooding can make food access more difficult for some community members, and how access to these resources might be expanded for all community members.   

To begin, open the map and select a municipality. Expand the Food Layers group and Food Access Layers subgroup to explore where the food access points are located and their relative importance in your community:

  • The mapped information includes grocery stores, farmers markets, farm stands, community supported agriculture (CSA farms), food banks, and Food Pantries and Programs (this last layer is currently available for Greater Boston only - this does not mean there are not lots of great resources throughout the rest of state!).  
  • There may be additional access points to consider that aren’t on the map such as farm stores/stands, community supported agriculture (CSAs) programs, personal food gardens, and food delivery programs such as Meals on Wheels.
  • The map also includes Low Income and Low Food Access census tracts from USDA.

Now, consider the following:

  • Which areas of your community have a large variety of food access points? Which areas lack food options? (Consider farm stands, grocery stores and other fresh food outlets) 
  • Are any census tracts in your community or neighboring areas considered as having Low Income and Low Food Access?  
  • What kind of food production occurs in your community? Are there local farms, community agriculture, food forests, or community gardens? Do many people grow their own food?  
  • Are resources identified within a flood zone? (Expand the Climate Hazard Data group and turn on the Historic Flood Hazard Datasets.)

When discussing the following questions with your community, it may be helpful to review the layers in the EJ and Other Priority Populations group and consider how flooding may increase the challenges to growing and accessing food:

  • Do you know how much of your community is currently food insecure? 
  • What are the current barriers to accessing affordable and nutritious food? 
  • Did your community learn any lessons about food distribution and access through the Pandemic and/or July 2023 flood events that could be used in this discussion? 
  • Are there any local community gardens? Is there an opportunity to provide access to growing space or public education for growing / foraging for food? 
  • What are the components of the food system that residents rely on (everything from farms to distribution centers to mutual aid food groups) and what is their ability to operate (or expand/adapt) before, during, and after a flood? 
    • How could more frequent flooding create additional challenges to those food systems? 
  • What can your community do to support increased access to food?  
    • Where can some redundancy be built in, particularly in response to the challenges that increased flooding may pose? 
  • Might your municipality partner with local organizations that are already working to improve food access? (These entities may include community pantries, community gardens, schools, hospitals, farmers, and non-profits.)   
    • How can these partnerships be sustainable and long-lasting?

Read More About Related Impacts in the Massachusetts Climate Change Assessment:

In July 2023, heavy rainfall led to widespread flooding across Massachusetts, resulting in the destruction or severe damage of approximately 13,000 acres of crops. Farmers reported over $65 million in losses, with the most affected areas being western and central regions of the state (Mass.gov, 2024 Jun 11). When floodwaters submerge fields they may also contaminate crops with pollutants, rendering them unsafe for consumption (MDAR Handling Flooded Produce, 2023). Flooding may also cause long-term damage to soil quality by eroding fertile topsoil, making it harder for farmers to sustain crop production (MCCA, 2022, Volume II). These impacts lead to shortages of fresh produce, increased food prices, and financial hardships for farming families. 

Flooded roads and bridges not only disrupt daily commutes but also make it difficult to deliver food to areas in need. This can create delays in getting food to local stores and food banks. Additional damage to homes and businesses from flooding worsen the overall economic strain, making it harder for people to access necessary goods and resources. If people are forced to evacuate and seek shelter in temporary locations, displaced individuals often lack access to regular meals, leading to increased reliance on emergency food assistance (Feed America, 2024 Oct 11). 

Overall, the larger and more frequent flood events we are experiencing pose significant challenges to agriculture, food security, and local food supply chains in Massachusetts.

Guided Exploration:
In this guided exploration, you will use the GEAR Food+ Water Map to think about how your community can support local agriculture and farmers, and understand where community members can access affordable, nutritious, and culturally appropriate food. You’ll consider how inland flooding can make food access more difficult for some community members, and how access to these resources might be expanded for all community members.   

To begin, open the map and select a municipality. Expand the Food Layers group and Food Access Layers subgroup to explore where the food access points are located and their relative importance in your community:

  • The mapped information includes grocery stores, farmers markets, farm stands, community supported agriculture (CSA farms), food banks, and Food Pantries and Programs (this last layer is currently available for Greater Boston only - this does not mean there are not lots of great resources throughout the rest of state!).  
  • There may be additional access points to consider that aren’t on the map such as farm stores/stands, community supported agriculture (CSAs) programs, personal food gardens, and food delivery programs such as Meals on Wheels.
  • The map also includes Low Income and Low Food Access census tracts from USDA.

Now, consider the following:

  • Which areas of your community have a large variety of food access points? Which areas lack food options? (Consider farm stands, grocery stores and other fresh food outlets) 
  • Are any census tracts in your community or neighboring areas considered as having Low Income and Low Food Access?  
  • What kind of food production occurs in your community? Are there local farms, community agriculture, food forests, or community gardens? Do many people grow their own food?  
  • Are resources identified within a flood zone? (Expand the Climate Hazard Data group and turn on the Historic Flood Hazard Datasets.)

When discussing the following questions with your community, it may be helpful to review the layers in the EJ and Other Priority Populations group and consider how flooding may increase the challenges to growing and accessing food:

  • Do you know how much of your community is currently food insecure? 
  • What are the current barriers to accessing affordable and nutritious food? 
  • Did your community learn any lessons about food distribution and access through the Pandemic and/or July 2023 flood events that could be used in this discussion? 
  • Are there any local community gardens? Is there an opportunity to provide access to growing space or public education for growing / foraging for food? 
  • What are the components of the food system that residents rely on (everything from farms to distribution centers to mutual aid food groups) and what is their ability to operate (or expand/adapt) before, during, and after a flood? 
    • How could more frequent flooding create additional challenges to those food systems? 
  • What can your community do to support increased access to food?  
    • Where can some redundancy be built in, particularly in response to the challenges that increased flooding may pose? 
  • Might your municipality partner with local organizations that are already working to improve food access? (These entities may include community pantries, community gardens, schools, hospitals, farmers, and non-profits.)   
    • How can these partnerships be sustainable and long-lasting?

Read More About Related Impacts in the Massachusetts Climate Change Assessment:

Investigate GEAR Map Data Layers

Explore the Food & Water map to learn more about how inland flooding may impact food and water quality and access within your community. The list at the right provides an overview of selected data layers included in the map, as well as detailed descriptions of each layer.

Explore the Food & Water map to learn more about how inland flooding may impact food and water quality and access within your community. The list at the right provides an overview of selected data layers included in the map, as well as detailed descriptions of each layer.

This layer shows locations from the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources. Farmers markets often offer local, fresh, nutritious food that other food access points such as grocery stores and big box stores may not. Some farmers markets accept SNAP/WIC.

The National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL) dataset represents the current effective flood risk data for those parts of the country where maps have been modernized by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

Residents in low income and low food access tracts have limited access to fresh, healthy food.

This MassGIS land cover mapping from 2016 aerial imagery includes classification of impervious, bare, grass, shrub, tree, and water areas.

Public water supply is important to the overall well-being and prosperity of a region and provide space for natural resources. Public water supplies are vulnerable to several climate hazards such as drought and water pollution.

These Surface Water Supply Protection Areas delineate those areas included in 310 CMR 22.00, the Massachusetts Drinking Water Regulations, as Surface Water Supply Protection Zones (Zone A, B, and C).

Actions to Consider

Advance community food justice

Identify opportunities in the community to increase local food production. This may occur as a component to open space or master planning initiatives. Conduct an inventory of open, vacant, or re-developable spaces in the community, as well as zoning bylaws and ordinances that influence where food can be grown and produced. Identify areas with high exposure to storms or damage or contamination from storms. Conduct a community visioning and planning process to identify opportunities for increasing local food production. This may include zoning changes to allow for backyard chickens, converting vacant parcels into community gardens, or identifying parcels for urban or vertical farming businesses and co-ops. Work closely with environmental justice and other priority populations to ensure plans reduce hunger and food insecurity and increase access to health foods in alignment with the MA Local Food Action Plan.

The following resources can help guide your thinking about how to develop a local food production plan:

Additionally, the MVP 2.0 "Advance Community Food Justice" Seed Project one-pager provides details and ideas for this action.

Minimize regulatory barriers to a strong local food system

Allowing communities to produce, process, and sell food locally supports the local economy and provides some protection from global food supply chain shocks. Assemble a team of interested stakeholders (e.g. municipal planning, health, and economic development staff, community members interested in gardening, homeowners' associations, and small food businesses). Develop an inventory of regulations and rules that influence where food can be grown, how food is prepared and processed, and who and where food can be sold. This may include zoning and homeowner association rules that govern where food can be grown/produced, requirements for use of commercial kitchens or licenses to prepare and sell foods, and regulations relating to food sales (online, food trucks, stalls, pop-ups, or corner stores). These regulations may exist at both the state and local level, depending on where you live. Identify who develops and enforces those regulations and rules and use the stakeholder team and their networks to rank these regulations and rules in terms of impact and feasibility to amend. Engage appropriate authorities to remove or revise regulations as needed.

Protect water quality through intact ecosystems

Intact natural ecosystems are essential for clean water. They reduce sediment and nutrient inputs into source water bodies, regulate runoff and streamflow, and buffer against flooding. Utilities work with regional floodplain managers and appropriate stakeholders to explore non-structural flood management techniques in their watersheds (EPA, 2022). One way to preserve intact ecosystems is to establish source water protection via acquiring and managing ecosystems in buffer zones along rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and coasts. Hazardous materials enter water sources from polluted ecosystems and storm water drains. Hazardous materials that enter water bodies include motor oil, fertilizers, pesticides, paint, cleaners, and medicines.

  • Preservation programs can include signage, education, events, and clean-ups focused on responsible disposal of hazardous compounds around natural ecosystems and storms drains (EPA, 2022). Efforts could result from partnerships with local community organizations, watershed organizations, and waterkeepers.
  • This report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Forest Service addresses best management practices on developing water quality criteria, such as establishing metrics to track progress and water quality.

Explore MVP Projects

Case study placeholder image
Briggsville Water District Land Acquisition for Flood and Drought Resilience
Clarksburg

FY 2024 Action Grant
$48,150 Award

The goal of this project was to ensure flood and drought resiliency of the Briggsville Water District pump and storage tank by purchasing land upland of the current pump location in order to relocate and construct an upsized tank in the future. The main tasks of this grant was to acquire the land, conduct public outreach to Briggsville rate payers and Clarksburg residents, and consider restoration opportunities for the existing tank site once the new tank is constructed. The project met its goal of purchasing a 2.6-acre parcel upland of the existing pump, which will be the future site of a newly engineered storage and pump facility. The site is estimated to be 400 square feet, with the remaining acreage now protected from future development, thereby protecting existing habitat and wildlife.

Case Study: BWD MVP Action Grant Case Study.docx

FY 2024 Action Grant
$48,150 Award

The goal of this project was to ensure flood and drought resiliency of the Briggsville Water District pump and storage tank by purchasing land upland of the current pump location in order to relocate and construct an upsized tank in the future. The main tasks of this grant was to acquire the land, conduct public outreach to Briggsville rate payers and Clarksburg residents, and consider restoration opportunities for the existing tank site once the new tank is constructed. The project met its goal of purchasing a 2.6-acre parcel upland of the existing pump, which will be the future site of a newly engineered storage and pump facility. The site is estimated to be 400 square feet, with the remaining acreage now protected from future development, thereby protecting existing habitat and wildlife.

Case Study: BWD MVP Action Grant Case Study.docx

Case study placeholder image
Old Royalston Road Culvert Replacement Project
Templeton

FY23/24 Action Grant
$503,225 Award

The Old Royalston Road Culvert Replacement project involved finalizing construction drawings, developing community engagement, publicly bidding the project, and construction. The culvert design and stream bank restoration will make the road and culvert more resilient to flooding events and protect the water main. With construction finished, the project replaced the existing twin metal pipe culvert with a pre-cast concrete box culvert with a natural stream bottom and anti-scour protection. The box culvert provides an unobstructed fish passage during both normal and flood conditions and strengthens the stream banks.

Project website: Old Royalston Road Culvert Replacement ~ Project Highlight | Templeton MA - Official Government Website
Case Study: Old Royalston Road Culvert Replacement Project Case Study

FY23/24 Action Grant
$503,225 Award

The Old Royalston Road Culvert Replacement project involved finalizing construction drawings, developing community engagement, publicly bidding the project, and construction. The culvert design and stream bank restoration will make the road and culvert more resilient to flooding events and protect the water main. With construction finished, the project replaced the existing twin metal pipe culvert with a pre-cast concrete box culvert with a natural stream bottom and anti-scour protection. The box culvert provides an unobstructed fish passage during both normal and flood conditions and strengthens the stream banks.

Project website: Old Royalston Road Culvert Replacement ~ Project Highlight | Templeton MA - Official Government Website
Case Study: Old Royalston Road Culvert Replacement Project Case Study

Case study placeholder image
Pine Island Pond Watershed Lands Project
Mattapoisett

FY 2019 Action Grant
$960,000 Award

The Pine Island lands project included two parts: (1) acquisition of the land by MLT, and (2) concurrent conveyance of a Conservation Restriction (CR) from MLT to the Town of Mattapoisett (Conservation Commission) and BBC as co-holders. MVP grant funds were used by the Town to purchase the CR from MLT. MLT used these funds as well as additional Town 2 funds (Community Preservation Committee, general Town budget) and significant private fundraising to pay the total purchase price and closing costs of the land. Both the price of the land and CR were supported by an independent professional appraisal contracted by MLT.

Project website: Pine Island Pond District - MLT
Case Study: Mattapoisett MVP FY19 Case Study.doc

FY 2019 Action Grant
$960,000 Award

The Pine Island lands project included two parts: (1) acquisition of the land by MLT, and (2) concurrent conveyance of a Conservation Restriction (CR) from MLT to the Town of Mattapoisett (Conservation Commission) and BBC as co-holders. MVP grant funds were used by the Town to purchase the CR from MLT. MLT used these funds as well as additional Town 2 funds (Community Preservation Committee, general Town budget) and significant private fundraising to pay the total purchase price and closing costs of the land. Both the price of the land and CR were supported by an independent professional appraisal contracted by MLT.

Project website: Pine Island Pond District - MLT
Case Study: Mattapoisett MVP FY19 Case Study.doc

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